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Venetie ( ;〔Corey Goldberg, "(Tiny Tribe in Remote Arctic Is Jolting Alaska )," ''New York Times'', 9 May 1997.〕 ''Vįįhtąįį''〔(ANLC : Alaska Native Place Names )〕 in Gwich’in), is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 202. It includes the Village of Venetie, a Gwich'in tribal entity designated in the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. In 1987 the Gwich'in tribal council tried to tax a non-Native contractor building a school here, saying they had the right as the government of tribal land. The case went to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, which ruled in 1996 "that the natives had the right to tax businesses on their land, about the size of Delaware, because it qualified as 'Indian Country,' much like the reservations in the lower 48 states."〔 The state appealed that decision, concerned that up to 44 million acres of tribal lands in Alaska might be classified as Indian Country and thus subject to local tribal taxation. (In the Lower 48, by comparison, about 56 million acres is designated as Indian reservation lands.)〔 In 1998, the case was heard by the United States Supreme Court, which ruled in ''Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government.'' It determined that the tribal council did not have taxing authority on its land, as the terms of the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act had done away with almost all reservations in the state, while making payment to the tribes and designating tribal lands for them. Under the terms of the act, the tribal lands do not have the sovereign status of reservations in the Lower 48. In the early 1980s a "unified Venetie/Arctic village tribal government formally codified traditional principles of caribou management into tribal law," an example of Alaska Native Subsistence Practices. Anthropologist Stephen Langdon lauded this action as a way of combining traditional spirituality with secular law demonstrating "the resiliancy of the traditional cosmology and behavior and its ability to be flexibly incorporated into contemporary institutions and practice." A majority of the residents approved limits on the harvest of the Porcupine caribou herd. ==Geography== Venetie is located at (67.055639, -146.416052). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Venetie, Alaska」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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